МРТ быстро развилась за последние годы и теперь играет первостепенную роль в главных сердечных центрах при исследовании и наблюдении за пациентами с ССЗ. В настоящее время самые частые обращения к врачу-специалисту связаны с кардиомиопатией, артериальной (некоронарной) ангиографией, врожденным пороком сердца и исследованием ишемии, жизнеспособности и образования инфаркта. Однако есть два других исходных источника клинического направления к врачу-специалисту, которые входят в область "необычных сердечнососудистых патологий и неоптимальных следствий применения других методов получения изображения".
Роль МРТ в диагностике кардиомиопатии стремительно возросла за прошедшие 5 лет, клинически оценена способность изображения миокардиального внутритканевого расстройства с высокой разрешающей способностью при использовании отображения накопления Gd. Патологоанатомы рассматривают этот метод как "патологию живого организма", так как многие детали могут теперь быть замечены при жизни, а не (как прежде) только посмертно. Говорят, что миокардиальный фиброз - конечный путь ряда патологий. Кроме того, установлена связь между наличием и увеличением фиброза с будущими клиническими проявлениями, тщательные исследования в этой области могут привести к значительным переменам в клинической практике в грядущие годы.
Роль МРТ в ИБС также расширяется, но более медленно. Это происходит из-за трех главных причин: обычные методы хорошо клинически закреплены; есть ограничение пригодности специализированных сканеров МРТ, экспертизы МРТ, адекватной компенсации; необходимы публикации больших мультицентральных клинических исследований с анализом результатов. Как было ранее отмечено, исключением является использование накопления Gd для идентификации образование инфаркта. Этот новый метод с высокой разрешающей способностью внес значительный вклад в наше понимание образования инфаркта и жизнеспособности, потому что круговое и трансмуральное расширение некроза и рубца впервые может быть диагностировано в
организмах при жизни. Таким образом, МРТ теперь самый чувствительный клинический метод для обнаружения инфаркта, кроме кардиальных ферментов в острой фазе. Кроме того, при МРТ может быть непосредственно определено наличие зоны оглушения и бездействия и, следовательно, возрастает вероятность функционального восстановления. Этот метод показал замечательные результаты в идентификации неопознанного образования инфаркта у пожилого населения, с сильной ассоциацией между такими инфарктами и будущими кардиальными проявлениями. В ИБС следующая область для значительного клинического применения МРТ - отображение перфузии. Преимущества включают высокую разрешающую способность, отсутствие радиационного облучения, количественный анализ перфузии и быстрое время процедуры для пациента (приблизительно 30 мин). В ближайшем будущем необходимо разработать оптимальные последовательности отображения и клиническую схему.
Будущее для МРТ ярко, потому что никакая другая технология не предлагает сопоставимую комбинацию безопасности, высокой разрешающей способности, качества изображения и многосторонности. Признана важность внедрения новой технологии МРТ в программы обучения кардиологии практикантов и будущих врачей-кардиологов.
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